Barbara H Braffett

Ph.D.

Associate Research Professor

School: Milken Institute School of Public Health

Department: Epidemiology

Contact:

Email: Barbara H Braffett

Office Phone: 301-816-8085

6110 Executive Blvd Rockville MD 20852

Dr. Barbara Braffett joined the GWU Biostatistics Center in August 2004. She is currently the Principal Investigator of several NIH/NIDDK-sponsored clinical studies focused on the treatment and prevention of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This includes the landmark Diabetes Control and Complications/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study which has conclusively demonstrated the beneficial effects of intensive (vs. conventional, standard of care) therapy in reducing the risk of long-term complications and comorbidities, as well as mortality, in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the current funding period (2022-2027), the DCCT/EDIC study focuses on exploring the intersection of long-term diabetes, advancing age, and weight-sensitive morbidities as the cohort approaches their 70s. Over the past 20+ years on the DCCT/EDIC study, Dr. Braffett's work has helped elucidate the long-term effects of intensive therapy and metabolic control on the development and progression of diabetes-related complications and helped define long-term diabetes in an aging population with T1D.

In addition to her work in T1D, Dr. Braffett also led the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study, designed to evaluate combination therapy compared to metformin in maintaining glycemic control in youth and adolescents with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). Over a span of 16 years, the TODAY study demonstrated that youth with T2D have high therapeutic failure rates, poor glycemic control, rapid deterioration of β-cell function, health disparities, elevated rates of depression and impaired quality of life, and early onset and rapid progression of diabetes-related complications. As a result of these alarming findings, the NIH/NIDDK recently established a large multi-center consortium, DISCOVERY of Risk Factors for Youth-Onset T2D, designed to recruit, enroll, and extensively phenotype a large racially/ethnically diverse cohort of early pubertal youth at high-risk for developing T2D. Dr. Braffett currently serves as the Principal Investigator for the Biostatistics Research Center for the consortium. The knowledge gained from this natural history/observational study will critically inform the design and testing of future treatments and prevention approaches in obese adolescents at risk for developing T2D.

Expertise

Epidemiology

Biostatistics

Education

Bachelor of Science (Mathematics), College of the Holy Cross, 2002
Master of Science (Statistics), University of Rhode Island 2004
Doctor of Philosophy (Epidemiology), George Washington University, 2013

Teaching

PubH 6003: Principles and Practice of Epidemiology

Community Service

Dr. Braffett is a member of the American Diabetes Association, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and the Society for Clinical Trials.

Institutes and Centers

Biostatistics Center

Publications

1. Martin CL, Albers J, Herman WH, Cleary P, Waberski BH, Greene DA, Stevens MJ, Feldman EL, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Neuropathy among the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) cohort 8 years after trial completion. Diabetes Care 29(2):340-344, 2006. (PMC2622720)

2. Albers JW, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, Martin CL, Cleary P, Waberski BH, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Subclinical neuropathy among Diabetes Control and Complications participants without diagnosable neuropathy at trial completion. Possible predictors of incident neuropathy? Diabetes Care 30(10):2613-2618, 2007. (PMC2657957)

3. Jacobson AM, Ryan CM, Cleary P, Waberski BH, Burwood A, Weinger K, Bayless M, Dahms W, Silvers N, Harth J, Musen G, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function. N Engl J Med 356(18):1842-1852, 2007. (PMC2701294)

4. Musen G, Jacobson AM, Ryan CM, Cleary PA, Waberski BH, Weinger K, Dahms W, Bayless M, Silvers N, Harth J, White N, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Impact of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function among adolescents who participated in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care 31(10):1933-1938, 2008. (PMC2551630)

5. Mort TC, Waberski BH, Clive J. Extending the preoxygenation period from 4 to 8 mins in critically ill patients undergoing emergency intubation. Crit Care Med 37(1):68-71, 2009. (PMID:19050620)

6. Pop-Busui R, Low PA, Waberski BH, Martin CL, Albers JW, Feldman EL, Sommer C, Cleary PA, Lachin JM, Herman WH, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effects of prior intensive insulin therapy on cardiac autonomic nervous system function in type 1 diabetes mellitus: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study (DCCT/EDIC). Circulation 119(22):2886-2893, 2009. (PMC2757005)

7. Jacobson AM, Paterson AD, Ryan CM, Cleary PA, Waberski BH, Weinger K, Musen G, Dahms W, Bayless M, Silvers N, Harth J, Boright AP, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The associations of apolipoprotein E and angiotensin converting enzyme polymorphisms on cognitive function in type 1 diabetes based on an 18 year follow-up of the DCCT cohort. Diabet Med 27(1):15-22, 2010. (PMC3043372)

8. Albers JW, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, Feldman EL, Martin CL, Cleary PA, Waberski BH, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of prior intensive insulin treatment during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes during the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study. Diabetes Care 33(5):1090-1096, 2010. (PMC2858182)

9. Pop-Busui R, Herman WH, Feldman EL, Low PA, Martin CL, Cleary PA, Waberski BH, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. DCCT and EDIC studies in type 1 diabetes: lessons for diabetic neuropathy regarding metabolic memory and natural history. Curr Diab Rep 10(4):276-282, 2010. (PMC3608672)

10. Martin CL, Waberski BH, Pop-Busui R, Cleary PA, Catton S, Albers JW, Feldman EL, Herman WH, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Vibration Perception Threshold as a measure of distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC). Diabetes Care 33(12):2635-2641, 2010. (PMC2992204)

11. Jacobson AM, Ryan CM, Cleary PS, Waberski BH, Weinger K, Musen G, Dahms W, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Biomedical risk factors for decreased cognitive functioning in type 1 diabetes: an 18 year follow-up of the DCCT cohort. Diabetologia 54(2):245-255, 2011. (PMC3641573)

12. Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, Braffett BH, Martin CL, Cleary PA, Albers JW, Feldman EL, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Use of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) as a measure of distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC). Diabet Med 29(7):937-944, 2012. (PMC3641573)

13. Kramer JR, Bayless ML, Lorenzi GM, Ziegler GK, Larkin ME, Lackaye ME, Harth J, Diminick LJ, Anderson KL, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Participant characteristics and study features associated with high retention rates in a longitudinal investigation of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Trials 9(6):798-805, 2012. (PMC3762976)

14. Pop-Busui R, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Martin CL, Herman WH, Low PA, Lima JAC, Bluemke DA, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and left ventricular dysfunction in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study (DCCT/EDIC). J Am Coll Cardiol 61(4):447-454, 2013. (PMC3616477)

15. Jacobson AM, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Larkin ME, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The long-term effects of type 1 diabetes treatment and complications on health-related quality-of-life: a 23 year follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort. Diabetes Care 36(10):3131-3138, 2013. (PMC3781542)

16. Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Orchard T, Lyons TJ, Maynard J, Cowie C, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Way J, Anderson K, Barnie A, Villavicencio S, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Clinical and technical factors associated with Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence in subjects with type 1 diabetes from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Diabetes Technol Ther 15(6):466-474, 2013. (PMC4428254)

17. Orchard R, Lyons TJ, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Maynard J, Cowie C, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Anderson K, Barnie A, Villavicencio S, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The association of Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence with Type 1 Diabetes Complications in DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Care 36(10):3146-3153, 2013. (PMC3781515)

18. Buschur EO, Sarma AV, Pietropaolo M, Dunn RL, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Cowie C, Larkin ME, Wessells H, Nathan DM, Kim C, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Self-reported autoimmune disease by sex in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. Diabetes Care 37(2):e28-29, 2014. (PMC3898756)

19. Kim C, Cleary PA, Cowie C, Braffett BH, Dunn RL, Larkin ME, Gatcomb P, Wessells H, Nathan DM, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of glycemic treatment and microvascular complications on menopause in women with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort. Diabetes Car. 37(3):701-708, 2014. (PMC3931380)

20. Larkin ME, Barnie A, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Diminick L, Harth J, Gatcomb P, Golden E, Lipps J, Lorenzi G, Mahony C, Nathan DM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Musculoskeletal complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37(7):1863-1869, 2014. (PMC4067398)

21. Eny KM, Lutgers HL, Maynard J, Klein BE, Lee KE, Atzmon G, Monnier VM, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Graaff R, van der Harst P, Snieder H, van der Klauw MM, Sell DR, Hosseini SM, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Orchard TJ, Lyons TJ, Howard K, Klein R, Crandall JP, Barzilai N, Milman S, Ben-Avraham D; LifeLines Cohort Study Group; DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Wolffenbuttel BH, Paterson AD. GWAS identifies an NAT2 acetylator status tag single nucleotide polymorphism to be a major locus for skin fluorescence. Diabetologia 57(8):1623-1634, 2014. (PMC4079945)

22. Holt SK, Lopushnyan N, Hotaling J, Sarma AV, Dunn RL, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Gatcomb P, Martin C, Herman WH, Wessells H, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Prevalence of low testosterone and predisposing risk factors in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus: findings from the DCCT/EDIC. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(9):E1655-1660, 2014. (PMC4154094)

23. Sarma AV, Hotaling J, Dunn RL, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Kim C, Martin C, Herman W, Gatcomb P, Jacobson AM, Holt S, Wessells H, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Poor glycemic control is associated with reduced prostate-specific antigen concentrations in men with type 1 diabetes. J Urol 193(3):786-793, 2015. (PMC4363040)

24. Pop-Busui R, Sarma AV, Hotaling J, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Dunn RL, Wessells H, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in men with type 1 diabetes: findings from the DCCT/EDIC. J Urol 193(6):2045-2051, 2015. (PMC4439365)

25. Mort TC, Braffett BH. Conventional vs. video laryngoscopy for tracheal tube exchange: glottic visualization, success rates, complications, and rescue alternatives in the high risk difficult airway patient. Anesth Analg 121(2):440-448, 2015. (PMID:26111264)

26. Jacobson AM, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Dunn RL, Larkin ME, Wessells H, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The relationship of urologic complications to health-related quality-of-life in men and women with type 1 diabetes: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications cohort. Diabetes Care 38(10):1904-1912, 2015. (PMC4580606)

27. Eny KM, Orchard TJ, Grace Miller R, Maynard J, Grant DM, Costacou T, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Paterson AD. Caffeine consumption contributes to skin intrinsic fluorescence in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 17(10):726-734, 2015. (PMC4575521)

28. Kim C, Pop-Busui, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Bebu I, Wessells H, Orchard T, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Testosterone concentrations and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in men with type 1 diabetes in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study (EDIC). J Sex Med 12(11):2153-2159, 2015. (PMC4825316)

29. Gubitosi-Klug RA, Sun W, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Aiello AP, Das A, Tamborlane W, Klein R, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effects of prior intensive insulin therapy and risk factors on patient-reported visual function outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort. JAMA Ophthalmol 134(2):137-145, 2016. (PMC4825807)

30. Lorenzi G, Braffett BH, Arends VL, Danis RP, Diminick L, Klumpp KA, Morrison AD, Soliman EZ, Steffes MW, Cleary PA, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Quality control measures over 30 years in a multicenter clinical study: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. PLoS One 10(11):e0141286, 2015. (PMC4631458)

31. Kim C, Bebu I, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Arends V, Steffes M, Wessells H, Orchard T, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Testosterone and cardiac mass and function in men with type 1 diabetes in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study (EDIC). Clin Endocrinol 84(5):693-699, 2016. (PMC4824167)

32. Kim C, Dunn RL, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Arends V, Steffes M, Lanham MSM, Randolph JF, Wessells H, Wellons MF, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Ovarian reserve in women with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study. Diabet Med 33(5):691-692, 2016. (PMC4837044)

33. The DCCT/EDIC Research Group (Writing Committee: Nathan DM, Bebu I, Braffett BH, Orchard TJ, Cowie CC, Lopes-Virella M, Schutta M, Lachin JM). Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 65(5):1370-1379, 2016. (PMC4839209)

34. Lenherr SM, Clemens JQ, Braffett BH, Dunn RL, Cleary PA, Kim C, Herman W, Hotaling JM, Jacobson AM, Brown JS, Wessells H, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Glycemic control and risk of incident urinary incontinence in women with type 1 diabetes: results from the DCCT/EDIC. Diabet Med 33(11):1528-1535, 2016. (PMC5045319)

35. Lenherr SM, Clemens JQ, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Dunn RL, Jacobson AM, Kim C, Herman W, Brown JS, Wessells H, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Glycemic control and urinary tract infections in women with type 1 diabetes: results from the DCCT/EDIC. J Urol 196(4):1129-1135, 2016. (PMC5025347)

36. Chen Z, Miao F, Paterson AD, Lachin JM, Zhang L, Riggs AD, Schones D, Wu X, Wang J, Tompkins J, Genuth S, Braffett BH, the DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Natarajan R. Epigenomic profiling reveals an association between persistence of DNA methylation and metabolic memory in the DCCT/EDIC cohort. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113(21):E3002-3011, 2016. (PMC4890596)

37. Roshandel D, Klein R, Klein BEK, Wolffenbuttel BHR, van der Klauw MM, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Atzmon G, Ben-Avraham D, Crandall JP, Barzilai N, Bull SB, Canty AJ, Hosseini SM, Hiraki LT, Maynard J, Sell DR, Monnier VM, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, the DCCT/EDIC Research Group, Paterson AD. New locus for skin intrinsic fluorescence in type 1 diabetes also associated with blood and skin glycated proteins. Diabetes 65(7):2060-2071, 2016. (PMC4915582)

38. Hotaling JM, Sarma AV, Patel DP, Braffett BH, Cleary PA, Feldman E, Herman WH, Martin CL, Jacobson AM, Wessells H, Pop-Busui R, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, sexual dysfunction and urinary incontinence in women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 39(9):1587-1593, 2016. (PMC5001143)

39. The DCCT/EDIC Research Group (Writing Committee: Braffett BH, Dagogo-Jack S, Larkin M, Sivitz W, Bebu I, Kolterman O, Genuth S, Lachin JM). Co-progression of cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 diabetes during 30 years of follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 39(9):1621-1630, 2016. (PMC5001148)

40. Pop-Busui R, Braffett BH, Zinman B, Martin C, White NH, Herman WH, Genuth S, Gubitosi-Klug R, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and cardiovascular outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. Diabetes Care 40(1):94-100, 2017. (PMC5180458)

41. Braffett BH, Wessells H, Sarma AV. Urogenital autonomic dysfunction in diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 16(12):119, 2016.

42. Gubitosi-Klug RA, Braffett BH, White N, Sherwin RS, Service JF, Lachin JM, Tamborlane WV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The risk of severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes over 30 years of follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 40(8):1010-1016, 2017. (PMC5521975)

43. Bebu I, Braffett BH, Pop-Busui R, Orchard TJ, Nathan DM, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The relationship of blood glucose with cardiovascular disease is mediated over time by traditional risk factors in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetologia 60(10):2084-2091, 2017. (PMC5660661)

44. Palmer MR, Holt SK, Sarma AV, Dunn RL, Hotaling JM, Cleary PA, Braffett BH, Martin C, Herman WH, Jacobson AM, Wessells H, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Longitudinal patterns of emergence and remission of erectile dysfunction in men with type 1 diabetes. J Sex Med 14(10):1187-1194, 2017. (PMC5624836)

45. Purnell JQ, Braffett BH, Zinman B, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Sivitz W, Bantle JP, Ziegler G, Cleary PA, Brunzell JD, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of excessive weight gain on cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. Diabetes Care 40(12)1:1756-1762, 2017. (PMC5711332)

46. Kim C, Pan Y, Braffett BH, Arends VL, Steffes M, Wessells H, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Anti-mullerian hormone and its relationship with subclinical cardiovascular and renal disease in a longitudinal cohort study of women with type 1 diabetes. Women’s Midlife Health 3:5, 2017.

47. Kim C, Miller RS, Braffett BH, Pan Y, Arends VL, Saenger SK, Barnie A, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Ovarian markers and irregular menses among women with type 1 diabetes in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study. Clin Endocrinol 88(3):453-459, 2018. (PMC5814334)

48. Kelsey MM, Braffett BH, Geffner ME, Levitsky LL, Caprio S, McKay SV, Shah R, Sprague JE, Arslanian S, and the TODAY Study Group. Menstrual dysfunction in girls from the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Study. J Clin Endocinol Metab 103(6):2309-2318, 2018. (PMC6276678)

49. Herman WH, Braffett BH, Kuo S, Lee JM, Brandle M, Jacobson AM, Posser LA, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. What are the Clinical, Quality-of-Life, and Cost Consequences of 30 Years of Excellent vs. Poor Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes? J Diabetes Complications 32(10):911-915, 2018. (PMC6459401)

50. Herman WH, Braffett BH, Kuo S, Lee JM, Brandle M, Jacobson AM, Posser LA, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The 30-year cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies to achieve excellent glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: an economic simulation modeled by the results of the DCCT/EDIC. J Diabetes Complications 32(10):934-939, 2018. (PMC6481926)

51. Wessells H, Braffett BH, Jacobson A, Kusek J, Cowie C, Holt S, Dunn R, Sarma A, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Burden of urological complications in men and women with longstanding type 1 diabetes mellitus in the DCCT/EDIC cohort. Diabetes Care 41(10):2170-2177, 2018. (PMC6150428)

52. Schade DS, Lorenzi GM, Braffett BH, Gao X, Bainbridge KE, Barnie A, Cruickshanks KJ, Dalton D, Diminick L, Gubitosi-Klug R, Kramer JR, Lachin JM, Larkin ME, Cowie CC, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Hearing impairment and type 1 diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC cohort. Diabetes Care 41(12):2495-2501, 2018. (PMC6245203)

53. Braffett BH, Rice Madeline Murguia, Young HA, Lachin JM. Mediation of the association of smoking and microvascular complications by glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 14(1):e0210367, 2019. (PMC6322792)

54. Braffett BH, Dagogo-Jack S, Bebu I, Sivitz WI, Larkin M, Kolterman O, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Association of insulin dose, cardiometabolic risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes during 30 years of follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 42(4):657-64, 2019. (PMC6429630)

55. Weinstock RS, Braffett BH, McGuigan P, Haymond MW, Larkin ME, Grover NB, Walders-Abramson N, Laffel L, Chan CL, Chang N, Scwartzman BE, Barajas RA, Celona-Jacobs N, Hirst K, and the TODAY Study Group. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in youth-onset type 2 diabetes: results from the TODAY study. Diabetes Care 42(5):903-9, 2019. (PMC6489117)

56. Bebu I, Braffett BH, Orchard TJ, Lorenzi, GM, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Mediation of the effect of HbA1c on the risk of CVD outcomes in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 42(7):1284-89, 2019. (PMC6609964)

57. Sarma AV, Hotaling JM, de Boer IH, Dunn RL, Oerline MK, Singh K, Goldberg J, Jacobson A, Braffett BH, Herman WH, Pop-Busui R, Wessells H, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication use and risk of erectile dysfunction in men with type 1 diabetes. J Hypertens 37(5):1070-76, 2019. (PMC7223638)

58. Sweeney MR, Applebaum KM, Arem H, Braffett BH, Poynter JN, Robien K. Medical conditions and modifiable risk factors for myelodysplastic syndrome: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 28(9):1502-17, 2019. (PMC7223638)

59. Lopes-Virella MF, Bebu I, Hunt KJ, Virella G, Baker NL, Braffett BH, Gao X, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Immune complexes and the risk of CVD in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 68(9):1853-60, 2019. (PMC6702641)

60. Braffett BH, Lorenzi GM, Cowie CC, Gao X, Bainbridge KE, Cruickshanks KJ, Kramer JR, Gubitosi-Klug R, Larkin ME, Barnie A, Lachin JM, Schade DS, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Risk factors for hearing impairment in type 1 diabetes. Endocr Pract 25(12):1243-54, 2019. (PMC7217092)

61. Bebu I, Schade D, Braffett BH, Kosiborod M, Lopes-Virella M, Soliman EZ, Herman WH, Bluemke DA, Wallia A, Orchard T, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Risk factors for first and subsequent CVD events in type 1 diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 43(4):867-74, 2020. (PMC7085803)

62. Braffett BH, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Albers JA, Feldman EL, Martin CL, White NH, Orchard TJ, Lopes-Virella M, Lachin JM, Pop-Busui R, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study. Diabetes 69(5):1000-10, 2020. (PMC7171957)

63. Agochukwu-Mmonu N, Malaeb BS, Hotaling JM, Braffett BH, Holt SK, Dunn RL, Palmer MR, Martin CL, Jacobson AM, Herman WH, Wessells H, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Risk factors for orgasmic and concomitant erectile dysfunction in men with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Int J Impot Res 33(1):59-66, 2020. (PMC7483362)

64. Chen Z, Miao F, Braffett BH, Lachin JM, Zhang L, Wu X, Roshandel D, Carless M, Li XA, Tompkins JD, Kaddis JS, Riggs AD, Paterson AD, the DCCT/EDIC Study Group, and Natarajan R. DNA methylation mediates development of HbA1c-associated complications in type 1 diabetes. Nat Metab 2(8):744-62, 2020. (PMC7590966)

65. The TODAY Study Group (Writing Committee: Gidding SS, Braffett BH, Shah R, Lima J, de Vasconcellos HD, Shah R, Nadeau K, Tryggestad JB, Hughan KS, Dhaliwar R, Levitt Katz LE). Longitudinal changes in cardiac structure and function from adolescence to young adulthood in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The TODAY follow-up study. Circ Heart Fail 13(6):e006685, 2020. (PMC8608548)

66. Tryggestad J, Shah R, Braffett BH, Gidding S, Gubitosi-Klug R, Shah A, Urbina E, Levitt-Katz, and the TODAY Study Group. Circulating adhesion molecules and associations with HbA1c, hypertension, nephropathy, and retinopathy in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent and Youth (TODAY) study. Pediatr Diabetes 21(6): 923-31, 2020. (PMC7877547)

67. The TODAY Study Group (Writing Committee: Weinstock RS, Braffett BH, Songer TJ, Herman WH, Kuo S, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Laffel L, McKay S, Siska M, Van Name M, Zeitler PS). Health care coverage and glycemic control in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes: Results from the TODAY2 study. Diabetes Care 43(10):2469-77, 2020. (PMC7510035)

68. Huang Q, Braffett BH, Simmens SJ, Young HA, Ogden CL. Dietary polyphenol intake in US adults and 10-year trends: 2007-2016. J Acad Nutr Diet 120(11):1821-33, 2020.

69. Bebu I, Braffett BH, Schade D, Sivitz W, Malone JI, Pop-Busui R, Lorenzi GM, Lee P, Trapani VR, Wallia A, Herman WH, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. An observational study of the equivalence of age and duration of diabetes to glycemic control relative to the risk of complications in the combined cohorts of the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 43(10):2478-84, 2020. (PMC7510046)

70. Jaffa MA, Bebu I, Luttrell D, Braffett BH, Lachin JM, Hunt K, Lopes-Virella M, Luttrell L, Lyons TJ, Jaffa AA, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Longitudinal plasma kallikrein levels and their association with the risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes in type 1 diabetes in DCCT/EDIC. Diabetes 69(11):2440-55, 2020. (PMC7576572)

71. Bebu I, Braffett BH, Lachin JM. The minimum intensity of a mixed exposure that increases the risk of an outcome. Stat Med 39(27):4016-24, 2020. (PMC8150102)

72. Lachin JM, Bebu I. Braffett BH. Models to assess the association of a semi-quantitative exposure with outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 189(12):1573-82, 2020. (PMC7705609)

73. Bebu I, Braffett BH, Orchard TJ, Lorenzi GM, Nathan DM, Herman WH, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Moderation of the Effect of Glycemia on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 171:108591, 2021. (PMC7854481)

74. Gubitosi-Klug RA, Braffett BH, Hitt S, Arends V, Uschner D, Jones K, Diminick L, Karger AB, Paterson AD, Roshandel D, Marcovina S, Lachin JM, Steffes M, Palmer JP, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Residual β cell function in long-term type 1 diabetes associates with reduced incidence of hypoglycemia. J Clin Invest 131(3):e143011, 2021. (PMC7843223)

75. The TODAY Study Group (Writing Committee: Gandica R, Braffett BH, Arslanian S, Caprio S, Geffner M, Katz L, Mckay S, Nadeau K, Tryggestad, White N). Post-intervention effects of varying treatment arms on glycemic failure and beta-cell function in the TODAY study. Diabetes Care 44(1):75-80, 2021. (PMC7783942)

76. Keshavarzi S, Braffett BH, Pop-Busui R, Orchard TJ, Soliman EZ, Lorenzi GM, Barie A, Larker AM, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Dagogo-Jack S, Paterson AD, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Risk factors for longitudinal resting heart rate and its associations with cardiovascular outcomes in the DCC/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 44(5):1125-32, 2021. (PMC8132325)

77. Cronin JA, Nelson JH, Farquhar I, Braffett BH, Bebu I, Pestiesu SR, Geng-Ramos Giuliana, Heitmiller, Deutsch N. Anesthetic outcomes in pediatric patients with COVID-19: A matched cohort study. Paediatr Anaesth 31(6):733-35, 2021. (PMC8250730)

78. Jacobson AM, Ryan CM, Braffett BH, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Lorenzi GM, Luchsinger JA, Trapani VR, Bebu I, Chaytor N, Hitt SM, Farrell K, Lachin JM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Cognitive performance declines in older adults with type 1 diabetes: Results from 32 years of follow-up in the DCCT and EDIC study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 9(7):436-45, 2021. (PMC8583716)

79. Jenkins AJ, Braffett BH, Basu A, Bebu I, Dagogo-Jack S, Orchard TJ, Wallia A, Lopes-Virella MF, Garvey WT, Lachin JM, Lyons TJ, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Serum urate and cardiovascular events in the DCCT/EDIC study. Sci Rep 11(1):14182, 2021. (PMC8271014)

80. Bebu I, Keshavarzi S, Gao X, Braffett BH, Canty AJ, Herman WH, Orchard TJ, Dagogo-Jack S, Nathan DM, Lachin JM, Paterson AD, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Genetic risk factors for CVD in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 44(6):1309-16, 2021. (PMC8247524)

81. Nathan DM, Krause-Steinrauf H, Braffett BH, Arends VL, Younes N, McGee P, Lund C, Johnson M, Lorenzi G, Gao X, Steffes MW, Lachin JM, GRADE Research Group, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Comparison of central laboratory HbA1c measurements obtained from a capillary collection versus a standard venous whole blood collection in the GRADE and EDIC studies. PLoS One 16(11):e0257154, 2021. (PMC8592405)

82. Waberski AT, Cronin J, Hammer B, Braffett BH, Heitmiller E. What a waste: Perioperative fentanyl wastage at a pediatric hospital. Fentanyl Wastage. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 27(2):120-22, 2022. (PMC8837219)

83. Pop-Busui R, Backlund JYC, Bebu I, Braffett BH, Lorenzi G, White NH, Lachin JM, Soliman EZ, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Utility of using electrocardiogram measures of heart rate variability as a measure of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes patients. J Diabetes Investig 13(1):125-33, 2022. (PMC8756321)

84. The TODAY Study Group (Writing Committee: Shah RD, Braffett BH, Tryggestad JB, Hughan KS, Dhaliwal R, Nadeau KJ, Levitt Katz LE, Gidding SS). Cardiovascular risk factor progression in adolescents and young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 36(3):108123, 2022. (PMC8903081)

85. The TODAY Study Group (Writing Committee: Shah AS, el Ghormli, Gidding SS, Hughan KS, Levitt Katz LE, Koren D, Tryggestad JB, Bacha F, Braffett BH, Arslanian S, Urbina EM). Longitudinal changes in vascular stiffness and heart rate variability among young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes: Results from the follow-up observational TODAY study. Acta Diabetol 59(2):197-205, 2022. (PMC8844143)

86. Pop-Busui R, Braffett BH, Wessells H, Herman WH, Martin CL, Jacobson AM, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and urological complications in type 1 diabetes: Findings from the EDIC study. Diabetes Care 45(1):119-26, 2022. (PMC8753757)

87. Boyko EJ, Zelnick LR, Braffett BH, Pop-Busui R, Cowie CC, Lorenzi GM, Gubitosi-Klug R, Zinman B, de Boer IH, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Risk of foot ulcer and lower-extremity amputation among participants in the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 45(2):357-64, 2022. (PMC8914413)

88. Steigmann L, Miller R, Trapani VR, Giannobile WV, Braffett BH, Pop-Busui R, Lorenzi G, Herman WH, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Type 1 diabetes and oral health: Findings from the EDIC study. J Diabetes Complications 36(4):108120, 2022. (PMC9241440)

89. Gubitosi-Klug RA, Braffett BH, Bebu I, Johnson ML, Farrell K, Kenny D, Trapani VR, Meadema-Mayer L, Soliman EZ, Pop-Busui R, Lachin JM, Bergenstal RM, Tamborlane WV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes with 35 years duration from the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 45(3):659-65, 2022. (PMC8918229)

90. Bakre S, Holt SK, Oerline M, Braffett BH, Pop-Busui R, Wessells H, Sarma AV, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Longitudinal patterns of urinary incontinence and associated predictors in women with type 1 diabetes. Neurourol Urodyn 41(1):323-31, 2022. (PMC8738144)

91. Rubin MR, de Boer IH, Backlund JYC, Arends V, Gubitosi-Klug R, Wallia A, Sinha Gregory N, Barnie A, Burghardt A, Lachin JM, Braffett BH, Schwartz A, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Biochemical markers of bone turnover in older adults with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107(6):e2405-e2416, 2022. (PMC9113800)

92. Jacobson AM, Braffett BH, Erus G, Ryan CM, Biessels GJ, Luchsinger JA, Bebu I, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Desiderio L, Lorenzi GM, Trapani VR, Lachin JM, Bryan N, Habes M, Nasrallah IM, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Brain structure among middle-aged and older adults with longstanding type 1 diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 45(8):1779-87, 2022.

93. Schwartz AV, Backlund JYC, de Boer IH, Rubin MR, Barnie A, Farrell K, Trapani VR, Sinha Gregory N, Wallia A, Bebu I, Lachin JM, Braffett BH, Gubitosi-Klug R, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Risk factors for lower bone mineral density in older adults with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 10(7):509-18, 2022.

94. Martin CL, Trapani VR, Backlund JYC, Lee P, Braffett BH, Bebu I, Lachin JM, Jacobson AM, Gubitosi-Klug R, Herman WH, and the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Physical function in middle-aged and older adults with type 1 diabetes: Long-term follow-up of the DCCT/EDIC study. Diabetes Care 2022. In press.